【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforEvaluatingNonconventionalMicrobiologicalTestsUsedforEnumeratingBacteria
【原文标准名称】:评价细菌计数用非常规微生物试验的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1326-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E35.15
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Accuracyassessment;Antimicrobialformulations/testing;Bacteria/bacterialcontrol;Heterotrophicplatecountprocedure;Microbiologicalexamination;Nonconventionaltestingprocedures;Reproducibility;Samplingbiologicalmaterials;Selectivity
【摘要】:Thisguideshouldbeusedbyproducersandpotentialproducersofnonconventionalteststodeterminetheaccuracy,selectivity,specificity,andreproducibilityofthetests,asdefinedinPracticesE691andD3870.Resultsofsuchstudiesshouldidentifythelimitationsandindicatetheutilityorapplicabilityofthenonconventionaltest,orboth,foruseondifferenttypesofsamples.Nonconventionaltestusersandpotentialusersshouldemploythisguidetoevaluateresultsofthenonconventionaltestascomparedtotheirpresentmethods.PracticesD5245andD5465shouldbereviewedinregardstotheconventionalmicrobiologicalmethodsemployed.Ifconventionalmethodshavenotbeenusedformonitoringthesystems,thenguidelinesareincludedforobtainingmicrobiologicalexpertise.Utilizationofanonconventionaltestmayreducethetimerequiredtodeterminethemicrobiologicalstatusofthesystemandenableanimprovementintheoveralloperatingefficiency.Inmanycases,thefindingsofasignificantlyhighlevelofbacteriaindicatestheneedforanadditionofanantimicrobialagent.Byaccuratelydeterminingthisinashortertimeperiodthanbyconventionalmethods,treatmentwithantimicrobialagentsmaycircumventmoreseriousproblemsthanifthetreatmentwerepostponeduntilconventionalresultswereavailable.Iftheantimicrobialtreatmentprogramreliesonaninaccuratenonconventionaltest,thenunnecessarylossofproductandproblemsassociatedwithinappropriateselectionorimproperdosingwithantimicrobialagentswouldexist.Sincemanymethodsbasedonentirelydifferentchemicalandmicrobiologicalprinciplesareconsidered,itisnotpossibletoestablishauniquedesignandrecommendaspecificmethodofstatisticalanalysesforthecomparisonstobemade.Itisonlypossibletopresentguidesthatshouldbefollowedwhileperformingtheexperiments.Itisalsorecommendedthatastatisticianbeinvolvedinthestudy.1.1Thepurposeofthisguideistoassistusersandproducersofnonconventionaltestsindeterminingtheapplicabilityofthetestforprocessingdifferenttypesofsamplesandevaluatingtheaccuracyoftheresults.ConventionalproceduressuchastheHeterotrophic(Standard)PlateCount,theMostProbableNumber(MPN)methodandtheSpreadPlateCountarewidelycitedandacceptedfortheenumerationofmicroorganisms.However,thesemethodshavetheirlimitations,suchasperformancetimeanddegreeofaccuracy.Itistheselimitationsthathaverecentlyledtothemarketingofavarietyofnon-conventionalprocedures,testkitsandinstruments.1.2Aconventionaltestisonethatiswidelyacceptedandpublishedasastandardmicrobiologicalmethodorrelatedprocedure.Anew,nonconventionaltestmethodwillattempttoprovidethesameinformationthroughthemeasurementofadifferentparameter.Thisguideisdesignedtoassistinvestigatorsinassessingtheaccuracyandprecisionofnonconventionalmethodsintendedforthedeterminationofmicrobialpopulationdensitiesoractivities.1.3ItisrecognizedthattheHeterotrophicPlateCountdoesnotrecoverallmicroorganismspresentinaproductorasystem(1,2).Whenthisproblemoccursduringthecharacterizationofamicrobiologicalpopulation,alternativestandardenumerationproceduresmaybenecessary,asinthecaseofsulfate-reducingbacteria.Atothertimes,chemicalmethodsthatmeasuretheratesofappearanceofmetabolicderivativesortheutilizationofcontaminatedproductcomponentsmightbeindicated.Inevaluatingnonconventionaltests,theuseofthesealternativestandardproceduresmaybetheonlymeansavailableforestablishingcorrelation.Insuchcases,thisguidecanserveasaref......
【中国标准分类号】:C05
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_10
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
基本信息
标准名称: | 零售业基层岗位技能要求 收货员 |
英文名称: | Technical competence requirement for basic posts in retail industry—Receiving clerk |
中标分类: |
综合 >>
经济、文化 >>
商业、贸易、合同 |
ICS分类: |
社会学、 服务、公司(企业)的组织和管理、行政、运输 >>
公司(企业)的组织与管理 >>
公司(企业)的组织与管理综合
|
发布部门: | 中华人民共和国商务部 |
发布日期: | 2008-12-29 |
实施日期: | 2009-08-01 |
首发日期: | |
作废日期: | |
主管部门: | 中华人民共和国商务部 |
提出单位: | 中华人民共和国商务部 |
归口单位: | 中华人民共和国商务部 |
起草单位: | 深圳市百佳华实业发展有限公司、深圳市零售商业行业协会、新一佳超市有限公司 |
起草人: | 李栋、于建、黄文、刘志伟等 |
出版社: | 中国标准出版社 |
出版日期: | 2009-08-01 |
页数: | 8页 |
书号: | 25505-2009 |
适用范围
本标准规定了零售卖场收银员应具备的知识和技能。
本标准是适用于零售卖场对收银员技能的坚定和职业培训。
前言
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目录
前言Ⅰ
引言Ⅱ
1 范围1
2 术语和定义1
3 基本要求1
4 技能和相应业务知识要求1
5 培训、考核及证书发放2
附录A (资料性附录) 培训、考核及证书发放3
引用标准
没有内容
所属分类: 综合 经济 文化 商业 贸易 合同 社会学 服务 公司(企业)的组织和管理 行政 运输 公司(企业)的组织与管理 公司(企业)的组织与管理综合